Optimal. Leaf size=101 \[ -\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \cot (x)}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}}}-\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \cot (x)}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.08, antiderivative size = 101, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 4, number of rules used = 3, integrand size = 11, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.273, Rules used = {3288, 1180,
211} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \cot (x)}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}}}-\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \cot (x)}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 211
Rule 1180
Rule 3288
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{a-b \cos ^4(x)} \, dx &=-\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1+x^2}{a+2 a x^2+(a-b) x^4} \, dx,x,\cot (x)\right )\\ &=-\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a-\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}+(a-b) x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (x)\right )\right )-\frac {1}{2} \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}+(a-b) x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (x)\right )\\ &=-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \cot (x)}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \cot (x)}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.21, size = 109, normalized size = 1.08 \begin {gather*} \frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (x)}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {a+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (x)}{\sqrt {-a+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {-a+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.14, size = 72, normalized size = 0.71
method | result | size |
default | \(a \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {a \tan \left (x \right )}{\sqrt {\left (\sqrt {a b}+a \right ) a}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {\left (\sqrt {a b}+a \right ) a}}-\frac {\arctanh \left (\frac {a \tan \left (x \right )}{\sqrt {\left (\sqrt {a b}-a \right ) a}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {\left (\sqrt {a b}-a \right ) a}}\right )\) | \(72\) |
risch | \(\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (1+\left (256 a^{4}-256 a^{3} b \right ) \textit {\_Z}^{4}+32 a^{2} \textit {\_Z}^{2}\right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+\left (-\frac {128 i a^{4}}{b}+128 i a^{3}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{3}+\left (\frac {32 a^{3}}{b}-32 a^{2}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}+\left (-\frac {8 i a^{2}}{b}-8 i a \right ) \textit {\_R} +\frac {2 a}{b}+1\right )\) | \(101\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 817 vs.
\(2 (65) = 130\).
time = 0.50, size = 817, normalized size = 8.09 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {-\frac {{\left (a^{2} - a b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} + 1}{a^{2} - a b}} \log \left (b \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, {\left (a b \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) - {\left (a^{4} - a^{3} b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right )\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {{\left (a^{2} - a b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} + 1}{a^{2} - a b}} + {\left (a^{3} - a^{2} b - 2 \, {\left (a^{3} - a^{2} b\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {-\frac {{\left (a^{2} - a b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} + 1}{a^{2} - a b}} \log \left (b \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - 2 \, {\left (a b \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) - {\left (a^{4} - a^{3} b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right )\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {{\left (a^{2} - a b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} + 1}{a^{2} - a b}} + {\left (a^{3} - a^{2} b - 2 \, {\left (a^{3} - a^{2} b\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a^{2} - a b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} - 1}{a^{2} - a b}} \log \left (-b \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, {\left (a b \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) + {\left (a^{4} - a^{3} b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right )\right )} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a^{2} - a b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} - 1}{a^{2} - a b}} + {\left (a^{3} - a^{2} b - 2 \, {\left (a^{3} - a^{2} b\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}}\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a^{2} - a b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} - 1}{a^{2} - a b}} \log \left (-b \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - 2 \, {\left (a b \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) + {\left (a^{4} - a^{3} b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right )\right )} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a^{2} - a b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}} - 1}{a^{2} - a b}} + {\left (a^{3} - a^{2} b - 2 \, {\left (a^{3} - a^{2} b\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a^{5} - 2 \, a^{4} b + a^{3} b^{2}}}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 299 vs.
\(2 (65) = 130\).
time = 0.44, size = 299, normalized size = 2.96 \begin {gather*} \frac {{\left (3 \, \sqrt {a^{2} + \sqrt {a b} a} a^{2} - 4 \, \sqrt {a^{2} + \sqrt {a b} a} a b - 3 \, \sqrt {a^{2} + \sqrt {a b} a} \sqrt {a b} a + 4 \, \sqrt {a^{2} + \sqrt {a b} a} \sqrt {a b} b\right )} {\left (\pi \left \lfloor \frac {x}{\pi } + \frac {1}{2} \right \rfloor + \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, \tan \left (x\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {4 \, a + \sqrt {-16 \, {\left (a - b\right )} a + 16 \, a^{2}}}{a}}}\right )\right )} {\left | a \right |}}{2 \, {\left (3 \, a^{5} - 7 \, a^{4} b + 4 \, a^{3} b^{2}\right )}} + \frac {{\left (3 \, \sqrt {a^{2} - \sqrt {a b} a} a^{2} - 4 \, \sqrt {a^{2} - \sqrt {a b} a} a b + 3 \, \sqrt {a^{2} - \sqrt {a b} a} \sqrt {a b} a - 4 \, \sqrt {a^{2} - \sqrt {a b} a} \sqrt {a b} b\right )} {\left (\pi \left \lfloor \frac {x}{\pi } + \frac {1}{2} \right \rfloor + \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, \tan \left (x\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {4 \, a - \sqrt {-16 \, {\left (a - b\right )} a + 16 \, a^{2}}}{a}}}\right )\right )} {\left | a \right |}}{2 \, {\left (3 \, a^{5} - 7 \, a^{4} b + 4 \, a^{3} b^{2}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 2.60, size = 938, normalized size = 9.29 \begin {gather*} 2\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {8\,a^6\,b\,\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {a^2}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}}}{2\,a^5\,b-2\,a^4\,b^2-\frac {2\,a^8\,b^2}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^9\,b}{a^3\,b-a^4}-\frac {2\,a^6\,b^2\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^7\,b\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}}-\frac {8\,a^2\,b\,\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {a^2}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}}}{2\,a\,b+\frac {2\,a^5\,b}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^3\,b\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}}+\frac {8\,a^4\,b\,\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {a^2}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}}\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{2\,a^5\,b-2\,a^4\,b^2-\frac {2\,a^8\,b^2}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^9\,b}{a^3\,b-a^4}-\frac {2\,a^6\,b^2\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^7\,b\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}}\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {a^2+\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}}-2\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {8\,a^2\,b\,\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {a^2}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}-\frac {\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}}}{2\,a\,b+\frac {2\,a^5\,b}{a^3\,b-a^4}-\frac {2\,a^3\,b\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}}-\frac {8\,a^6\,b\,\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {a^2}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}-\frac {\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}}}{2\,a^5\,b-2\,a^4\,b^2-\frac {2\,a^8\,b^2}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^9\,b}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^6\,b^2\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}-\frac {2\,a^7\,b\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}}+\frac {8\,a^4\,b\,\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {a^2}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}-\frac {\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}}\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{2\,a^5\,b-2\,a^4\,b^2-\frac {2\,a^8\,b^2}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^9\,b}{a^3\,b-a^4}+\frac {2\,a^6\,b^2\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}-\frac {2\,a^7\,b\,\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{a^3\,b-a^4}}\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {a^2-\sqrt {a^3\,b}}{16\,\left (a^3\,b-a^4\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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